भाषा:
By Dr. Ibne Ali, IMN PyrophosUpdated October 20264 min read
Macro & Micro Nutrition in Dairy Animals

Minerals are required by all dairy cows, and the amounts found in most feeds normally are inadequate for high milk production or growth. If these requirements are not met, deficiency symptoms can occur. Pastures are no exception and are often deficient in several minerals compared to the NRC requirements. Even with grain supplementation of pasture-based diets, most rations need to be supplemented with concentrated sources of certain minerals. Usually minerals are categorized as "macrominerals" and "microminerals" (Table). The macrominerals are generally expressed as percent of the dry matter of a feed. Minerals needed in lesser amounts, often called trace minerals, are usually expressed as parts per million (PPM) or milligrams per kilogram.

डेयरी पशुओं खनिज की आवश्यकता – खनिज डेयरी पशुओं की आवश्यकता का एक महत्वपूर्ण हिस्सा होता है क्योंकि अधिकतर फीड में खनिज पर्याप्त मात्रा में उपलब्ध नहीं होते जिसकी वजह से दूध उत्पादन और ग्रोथ दोनों प्रभावित होती है यदि यह आवश्यकता पूरी ना हो तो पशुओं में उसकी कमी के लक्षण दिखाई देने लगते हैं हरा चारा घास फूस अनाज खल आदि में यह पर्याप्त मात्रा में उपलब्ध नहीं होते इस वजह से हमें ऊपर से इन्हें फीड में मिलाना पड़ता है इन खनिजों को दो भागों में बांटा जाता है एक मैक्रो मिनरल कहलाते हैं दूसरे माइक्रोमिनरल कहलाते हैं जैसा कि इस टेबल में दिखाया गया है मैक्रो मिनरल खनिजों को परसेंट में दर्शाया जाता है जबकि माइक्रो मिनरल या जिन्हें ट्रेस मिनरल भी कहते हैं उन्हें पीपीएम मतलब प्रति 10 लाख भाग में दर्शाया जाता है|

Macro Minerals – Calcium Phosphorus Magnesium Sodium Potassium Chlorine Sulfur

Micro Minerals – Iodine Iron Copper Cobalt Manganese Molybdenum Zinc Selenium Boron

Pyromin IMN Pyrophos

Chelated minerals

Pyromin

Chelated mineral mixture with iron, manganese, copper, zinc, iodine, selenium, chromium, cobalt and magnesium, vitamins A, D3, E, K and B vitamins, biotin, methionine, lysine, lactobacillus and yeast extract. Supports milk production, fertility, conception, immunity and feed efficiency.

Dose: Adult cow or buffalo 10 g per day; calves, sheep and goats 3 g per day. As a premix, 100 g per 100 kg of concentrate.

1 kg ₹655MRP ₹1,190

Calcium

The Ca content of pastures ranges from 0.43% for grass, and increases, as expected, with more legume in the pasture to about 1.3%. The NRC recommendation is that Ca be at least 0.65% of the total ration DM for high producing cows. Clearly, the grass pasture would need to be supplemented with additional Ca to meet the cow's needs. In table is shown average mineral contents of feedstuffs that typically would be used to supplement pasture-based feeding programs. With the exception of alfalfa hay, all feedstuffs are low in Ca compared to the lactating cow's needs. Therefore, additional supplementation of Ca is needed to ensure adequate daily intake with grass or mixed mostly grass-based pastures.

Phosphorus

Phosphorus supplementation is required with nearly all types of feeding programs. Pasture samples averaged about 0.25 to 0.30% P (Table) and all are low compared to the NRC recommendations of 0.40% of the total ration DM for milking cows. Many feedstuffs typically fed with pasture-based programs, particularly grains, are low in P (Table), thus, additional P supplementation is usually needed. Protein supplements such as soybean meal, corn distillers, and brewers grains are high in P (Table), but small amounts of these products are normally fed.

Magnesium

The NRC recommendation is that Mg be fed at 0.22% of the total ration DM. On spring pastures, which bring a risk of grass (Mg) tetany, a Mg level of 0.30 to 0.35% of the total ration DM or higher is often needed. Pasture Mg content averaged 0.20 to 0.28% being lowest on grass and increasing as the legume content increased (Table 2). Magnesium levels were lowest in the spring, emphasizing that supplemental Mg is most critical in the spring. Magnesium oxide is the most common source of supplemental Mg and should be added to the grain ration to bring the total ration Mg to at least 0.30%. Cows often will not consume all the allotted grain with lush pastures in the spring, thus other supplemental methods may be needed. Bolusing individual cows with MgO is one option. A free-choice mineral block with elevated Mg content can also be considered.

Need help with feeding or a health problem in your cows or buffaloes? Message Dr. Ibne Ali on WhatsApp.

WhatsApp: 98715 84101
Scroll to Top