भाषा:

Aflatoxin that gets into dairy feed does not stay in the feed: a cow turns it into aflatoxin M1 (AFM1), and it leaves the animal in her milk. That is why scientists in Punjab, working with IIT Delhi, IARI and PGIMER Chandigarh, are building a portable aflatoxin detection device so that feed and fodder can be checked close to the farm instead of only in a distant laboratory. This explainer covers what the project aims to do, why testing at the feed stage is the smartest place to catch the problem, and what a dairy farmer or small dairy can do today without any special device.

Key facts

ItemDetail
WhoGuru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (GADVASU), Ludhiana, with IIT Delhi, IARI and PGIMER Chandigarh
ProjectThree-year project under the National One Health Mission on aflatoxin surveillance in dairy feed and fodder
Two partsA portable detection device for testing near the farm or point of sale, and a map of contamination across Punjab to find high-risk areas
Also plannedA laboratory-on-wheels to test feed, fodder, silage, aflatoxin and milk
Main toxinAflatoxin B1 (AFB1), made mainly by Aspergillus fungi, a concern in maize and groundnut cake
Milk linkIn the cow’s liver AFB1 becomes AFM1, which is passed into milk
Risk patternAn ICAR study found higher contamination in the monsoon and differences by region and season

The reports we reviewed give no detection limit, accuracy, test time or price for the device, so we do not quote any. It is a research project, not a product you can buy today.

Infographic: aflatoxin B1 in dairy feed becomes AFM1 in milk, the Punjab three-year portable testing project, and six steps for farmers on storage, moisture and sampling

Why aflatoxin is a dairy problem

Aflatoxins are poisons made by moulds that grow on grain, oilseed cakes and fodder when they are damp and warm. They cannot be seen or smelt, and grain can look fine and still carry them. Earlier Indian research has found AFB1 in cottonseed cake, groundnut cake, soybean cake, sunflower cake, maize and wheat bran. Almost every dairy ration is built from these, so one bad lot can reach many animals.

The special worry in dairy is milk. AFM1 in milk is not removed by boiling or pasteurisation, so the clean-up has to happen before the feed is eaten. That makes feed the control point, not the milk can.

Why test at the feed stage

A laboratory test is accurate but slow and costly, so most feed lots are never tested. A portable screening tool could change that by letting a dairy check incoming maize and cake, stored lots and finished feed on the spot, and stop a suspect batch before it reaches the cows. The scientists describe the aim as moving from occasional testing to a more proactive, risk-based system, backed by lab confirmation, proper storage, moisture control, traceability and mitigation methods that have been validated.

What it means for dairy farmers

Aflatoxin in feed can lower intake and milk yield and weaken animals, and it can put milk quality at risk. Small farmers and village dairies who buy cake and concentrate in bulk, or who store maize through the monsoon, are most exposed, and they are also the ones least able to afford repeated lab tests. Until portable testing reaches them, good handling is the best protection.

What farmers and small dairies can do now

  • Buy from known sources and ask about storage. Reject feed that smells musty, feels damp, is caked or shows green, grey or black mould.
  • Keep moisture low. Dry maize well before storage; around 13% moisture or below is the usual safe target. Use a moisture meter if you can.
  • Store smart. Use raised pallets, dry sheds with air flow, no leaking roofs, and keep bags away from walls. Use old stock first.
  • Take proper samples. Mould is patchy, so draw small portions from many bags and mix them before sending a sample to a lab or testing it. One handful from the top is not enough.
  • Take extra care in the monsoon, when risk is higher. Buy smaller quantities and check lots more often.
  • Do not feed visibly mouldy feed or silage. Throw it out; dilution is not a safe plan.
  • Consider a toxin binder as one layer, not a cure. Binders do not make mouldy feed safe. Ask us on WhatsApp which of our feed products suit your species and feed type.

Frequently asked questions

Can I buy the portable aflatoxin device now?

No. It is being developed under a research project, and the reports do not give a launch date or price.

Does boiling milk remove AFM1?

No. AFM1 is not destroyed by boiling or pasteurisation, which is why controlling aflatoxin in feed matters most.

Which dairy feed ingredients are most at risk?

Research has found AFB1 in maize, groundnut cake, cottonseed cake, soybean cake, sunflower cake and wheat bran, with higher risk in the monsoon.

Written by the IMN Pyrophos team in our own words.

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